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Aeonium lindleyi (Bejeque, verol, Canary Island houseleek),
traditionally used to treat wounds and burns and
particularly to counteract the irritant effect of Euphorbia
latex, this species contains, in addition to a number of
typical anti-inflammatory flavonoids a tannin-related
aromatic phenyl butanone glucoside known as lindleyin
with excellent inflammation-reducing properties.

ÁNGEL BAÑARES BAUDET, MANUEL V. MARRERO GÓMEZ & STEPHAN SCHOLZ
Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Crassulaceae of the Canary
Islands, Spain
Abstract
Bañares Baudet, Á., Marrero Gómez, M. V. & Scholz, S.: Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on
Crassulaceae of the Canary Islands, Spain. –Willdenowia 38: 475-489. – ISSN 0511-9618; © 2008
BGBM Berlin-Dahlem.
doi:10.3372/wi.38.38208 (available via http://dx.doi.org/)
Aeonium decorum var. alucense and Aichryson laxum var. latipetalum, from eastern La Gomera and
southern Tenerife, respectively, are described as varieties new to science and illustrated. New combinations
in Aeonium (A. arboreum subsp. holochrysum, A. canariense subsp. christii, A. canariense
subsp. latifolium, A. canariense subsp. virgineum, A. lindleyi subsp. viscatum), Aichryson (A.
tortuosum var. bethencourtianum) and Monanthes (M. minima subsp. adenoscepes) are validated.
M. polyphylla subsp. amydros, thought to be endemic to La Gomera, is also reported for the island of
La Palma. Additional descriptive data for M. wildpretii are provided. Special attention is paid to the
morphological characteristics that differentiate some closely related taxa.
Additional key words: Aeonium, Aichryson, Monanthes, taxonomy, chorology
Introduction
Praeger’s (1932) study of Canarian Crassulaceae was updated by the monographs of the genera
Aeonium Webb & Berthel. (Liu 1989) and Monanthes Haw. (Nyffeler 1992). Aichryson Webb &
Berthel. was revised by Bramwell (1968) but this genus requires further study. The three genera
also have been the focus of several papers regarding molecular phylogeny and evolution (see
Mort & al. 2002 and references therein). Concluded from both molecular and morphological
studies, Greenovia Webb & Berthel. has been widely accepted as a section of Aeonium (Mes
1995; Mort & al. 2002; Nyffeler 2003).
In the present study, we propose a number of taxonomic changes within the three genera,
based on extensive studies of populations in the field and of herbarium material. We describe
two varieties of Aeonium decorum Webb ex Bolle and Aichryson laxum (Haw.) Bramwell, respectively,
to accommodate single isolated and morphologically deviating populations. We propose
new combinations for four species of Aeonium that had been reduced to varietal rank by Liu
(1989) and that we consider to be more appropriately recognized as subspecies. Aichryson
tortuosum (Aiton) Webb & Berthel. and A. bethencourtianum Bolle were found by us to represent
varieties, endemic to Lanzarote and Fuerteventura, respectively, of a single species, A. tortuosum.
Willdenowia 38 – 2008 475
A comparative study of the morphological features of Monanthes polyphylla Haw., currently
reported as endemic to Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Palma (subsp. polyphylla) and La Gomera
(subsp. amydros Nyffeler), has revealed that the plants from La Palma, also named Sempervivum
monanthes var. filicaule Kuntze (1891) and later confusingly reported as M. cf. subcrassicaule
(Kuntze) Praeger, are identical to M. polyphylla subsp. amydros. A comparison of the northern
and southern populations of the Tenerife endemic M. minima Bolle with M. adenoscepes Svent.
corroborated the conspecifity of the latter with M. minima, first stated by Nyffeler (2003), but revealed
that it deserves recognition as a separate subspecies distributed in southern Tenerife. Reevaluation
of M. wildpretii Bañares & S. Scholz, which was also included in M. minima by Nyffeler
(2003), produced new evidence for its status as a separate species.
Results
Aeonium arboreum subsp. holochrysum (H.-Y. Liu) Bañares, comb. & stat. nov.
≡ Aeonium arboreum var. holochrysum H. Y. Liu, Syst. Aeonium: 67. 1989 ≡ Sempervivum urbicum
Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 7: t. 1741. 1835, non C. Sm. ex Hornem. 1819. – Lectotypus (designated by
Liu 1989: 67): [icon] Lindley in Bot. Reg. 7: t. 1741. 1835.
= Aeonium vestitum Svent. in Addit. Fl. Canar.: 13. 1960.
[– Aeonium holochrysum auct., non Webb & Berthel.]
Remarks. – Aeonium arboreum subsp. holochrysum is mainly differentiated from subsp. arboreum
(confined to Gran Canaria) and the closely related A. korneliuslemsii H. Y. Liu from Morocco by its
glabrous sepals. After a detailed study in the distribution area of A. holochrysum (Tenerife, La
Palma, La Gomera and El Hierro), Praeger (1932) concluded that the plant with pubescent calyx, described
by Webb & Berthel. as A. holochrysum, as is also obvious from two sheets in the Webb
herbarium (Liu 1989), does not belong to the taxon that has been identified with this name. Although
the name “holochrysum” does not characterise the plants, it was taken up by Liu because
of the wide use of the epithet, but treated as a new name and typified according to the established
concept of the taxon.
Distribution. – Common on rocks and cliffs from sea level to altitudes of up to 1000 m in La Palma
and to 1600 m in Tenerife, present in the northern zone of El Hierro (over Frontera, San Andrés) and
rare on La Gomera, where the chorologic delimitation from Aeonium arboreum var. rubrolineatum
(Svent.) H.-Y. Liu has not been sufficiently studied (see Voggenreiter 1973, 1974, 1999).
Representative specimens. – Tenerife: Masca, 2.2004, Á. Bañares 46853 (ORT); S. José above La
Rambla, 350 m, 24.1.1969, D. Bramwell 584 (TFC); Valle de la Orotava, over roofs, 14.4.1949, C.
González 12388 (ORT); La Ladera - Agache, 6.3.1981, O. Rodríguez & P. G. Cabrera 12805 (TFC);
Buenavista, 24.5.1944, E. R. Sventenius 12364 (ORT); Puerto de la Cruz, Montaña de la Horca,
1.4.1944, E. R. Sventenius 12434 (ORT); ibid., 31.12.1944, E. R. Sventenius 12390 (ORT); ibid.,
3.1.1947, E. R. Sventenius 12389 (ORT); ibid., 11.3.1949, E. R. Sventenius 1446 (ORT); Puerto de la
Cruz, Martiánez, 28.12.1944, E. R. Sventenius 12391 (ORT); Masca, 13.6.1945, E. R. Sventenius
12393 (ORT); Roque de Garachico, 26.6.1949, E. R. Sventenius 23838 (ORT); Los Quemados
(Masca), 14.1.1963, E. R. Sventenius 12392 (ORT); Masca, Mocanito, 22.6.1966, E. R. Sventenius
12394 (ORT). — La Palma: Velhoco, 12.1987, F. Cabrera Rodríguez 25627 (TFC); Las Paredes,
carr. hacia Barlovento, 2.7.1987, A. Marrero & M. Jorge 12818 (LPA); Breña Alta, 5.5.1989, A.
Roca & A. Marrero 16507 (LPA); El Llanito, 6.5.1989, A. Roca & A. Marrero 16551 (LPA); Los
Galguitos, 6.8.1989, A. Roca & A. Marrero 16546, 16547 (LPA); between Hacienda del Cura and
Lomo Alto, 900 m, 23.5.1949, E. R. Sventenius 3295 (ORT); Tenerra, 16.4.1962, E. R. Sventenius
23838 (ORT). — El hierro: La Frontera, Fuente de los Tincos, 580 m, 4.5.1959, E. R. Sventenius
18053 (ORT); La Frontera, El Rincón, 26.7.1968, E. R. Sventenius 18050 (ORT); below Fuente de
los Tincos, 7.4.1971, E. R. Sventenius 18052 (ORT).
476 Bañares Baudet & al.: Notes on Crassulaceae of the Canary Islands
Aeonium canariense subsp. christii (Burchard) Bañares, comb. nov.
≡ Sempervivum christii Praeger in Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 29: 204. 1925, non Wolf 1889 ≡
Sempervivum canariense subsp. christii Burchard in Biblioth. Bot. 98: 128. 1929 ≡ Aeonium palmense
Webb ex Christ in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 9: 112. 1888 ≡ Sempervivum palmense (Webb ex Christ)
Christ, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 9: 161. 1888, non Christ 1888 ≡ Aeonium canariense var. palmense (Webb
ex Christ) H. Y. Liu in Syst. Aeonium: 57. 1989. – Lectotypus (designated by Liu 1989: 57): Spain,
Canary Islands, La Palma (FI; isolectotypus: FI).
= Aeonium longithyrsum (Burchard) Svent. in Index Seminum Hortus Acclim. Pl. Arautap.: 45.
1969.
Remarks. – We consider this and the following two taxa for their morphological features and
geographical distribution better recognized at subspecies than at varietal rank.
Distribution. – Abundant within forests and on humid walls in northern La Palma and El Hierro,
ranging from almost sea level to 900 m (see Voggenreiter 1973; Santos 1983).
Representative specimens. – La Palma: Near Puntallana, 6.2004, Á. Bañares 46858 (TFC);
Velhoco, 5.1988, F. Cabrera Rodríguez 25563 (TFC); Barranco del Jorado, Tijarafe, 600 m,
30.6.1987, A. Marrero & M. Jorge 12792, 12799 (LPA); Tigalate, 30.6.1987, A. Marrero & A. Roca
12794, 12795 (LPA); Cuesta de Jinamar (ex hort J.B.C.), 5.1989, A. Roca 16550 (LPA); Barranco
Fernando Porto, Garafía, 6.5.1989, A. Roca & A. Marrero 16539, 16540 (LPA); Los Galguitos,
6.5.1987, A. Roca & A. Marrero 16543, 16544, 16545 (LPA); Barranco de las Angustias, south
slopes, 8.7.1944, E. R. Sventenius 3302 (ORT); Barranco de las Angustias, close to the channel,
21.4.1962, E. R. Sventenius 3301 (ORT).—El Hierro: Pozo de la Salud, Sabinosa, 50 m, 14.7.1987,
A. Marrero & A. Roca 12849, 12859 (LPA); laderas de Sabinosa, 12.7.1987, A. Marrero 12845,
12846, 12847, 12848 (LPA); riscos de Bascos (mirador), 14.7.1987, A. Marrero & A. Roca 12796
(LPA); ladera baja de Jinamar, Frontera, 400 m, 14.7.1987 A. Roca & A. Marrero 12796, 12797,
12851, 12852 (LPA).
Aeonium canariense subsp. latifolium (Burchard) Bañares, comb. nov.
≡ Sempervivum canariense subsp. latifolium Burchard in Biblioth. Bot. 98: 128. 1929. – Lectotypus
(designated here by Bañares): [icon] Burchard in Biblioth. Bot. 98: t. 19. 1929.
= Aeonium canariense var. subplanum (Praeger) H. Y. Liu in Syst. Aeonium: 59. 1989 ≡ Aeonium
subplanum Praeger in J. Bot. 66: 221. 1928.
Distribution. – Abundant within the forest and on humid walls located on the northern slopes of La
Gomera and sporadically in cool southern hillsides, ranging from almost sea level to 1000 m (see
Voggenreiter 1999).
Representative specimens. – La Gomera: Fuente de la Araña, El Bailadero, 5.2006, Á. Bañares
46856 (TFC); Agulo, 7.5.1945, E. R. Sventenius 5648 (ORT); cumbre de Las Carboneras, Hermigua,
18.5.1945, E. R. Sventenius 5649 (ORT); Barranco del Cabrito, Risco Bermejo, 750 m, 18.5.1958, E.
R. Sventenius 5650 (ORT); Vallehermoso, Ancón del Carnero, 23.5.1969, E. R. Sventenius 5670
(ORT).
Aeonium canariense subsp. virgineum (Webb ex Christ) Bañares, comb. nov.
≡ Aeonium virgineum Webb ex Christ in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 9: 111. 1888 ≡ Sempervivum canariense
subsp. virgineum (Webb ex Christ) Burchard in Biblioth. Bot. 98: 127. 1929 ≡ Aeonium canariense
var. virgineum (Webb ex Christ) H. Y. Liu in Syst. Aeonium: 60. 1989. – Lectotypus (designated
by Liu 1989: 60): Spain, Canary Islands, Gran Canaria, “Barranco de la Virgen”, 3.1846, E. Bourgeau
356 (FI; isolectotypi: BM, CGE, E, F, G, GH, K, LE, MO, WRSL).
Distribution. – Abundant on rocks and hillsides in northern and western Gran Canaria, from almost
sea level to 1000 m (see Suárez 1994).
Representative specimens. – Gran Canaria: Cuesta de Silva, 5.2006, Á. Bañares 46857 (TFC);
Moya, 1.4.1969, D. Bramwell 11069 (LPA); pr. opidulum Cabo Verde, 250 m, 4.4.1980, J. Fernández
Willdenowia 38 – 2008 477
478 Bañares Baudet & al.: Notes on Crassulaceae of the Canary Islands
Fig. 1. Aeonium decorum var. alucense – A: plant and rosette; B: bark; C: rosette leaves; D: leaf margin with
unicellular trichomes; E: flowers, petals and stamens; F: nectaries. – Scale bars: A = 4 cm; C = 5 mm; D =
1 mm; E = 2 mm; F = 0.3 mm; drawings after the holotype.
Casas 20738 (TFC); Carpinteros, 700 m, 30.4.1988, A. Marrero 16608, 16609, 16610 (LPA); Barranco
Oscuro, 30.6.1987, A. Marrero 12790, 12791 (LPA); Barranco del Palo (Goyedra), 650 m,
20.4.1988, A. Marrero & R. Febles 17636, 17637 (LPA); Azuaje, 230°N, 240 m, 10.5.1988, A. Roca
& A. Marrero 16604, 16605 (LPA); Andén Verde, 19.4.1988, A. Roca & A. Marrero 16611, 16612,
16613 (LPA); Hoya de Pineda, 295°N, 650 m, 27.4.1988, A. Roca & A. Marrero 16599, 16600,
16601, 16602 (LPA); Ladera frente al Cenobio Valerón, 10°N, 140 m, 10.5.1988, A. Roca & A. Marrero
16607 (LPA); Montaña del Cedro (Aldea de San Nicolás), 600 m, 16.5.1950, E. R. Sventenius
1455 (ORT).
Aeonium decorum var. alucense Bañares & M. V. Marrero, var. nov.
Holotypus: Spain, Canary Islands, La Gomera, “Aluce-Avalo”, 300 m, 5.2002, Á. Bañares & M.
V. Marrero 46850 (TFC). – Fig. 1.
A varietate typica rosulis minoribus (2.5-5 cm diametro), ramis 0.3 cm diametro, foliis obovatis
vel oblanceolatis, 1.5-2.5(-3) × 0.6-1.3 cm et inflorescentia ramificata, 7-11 cm longis differt.
Perennial subshrub, up to 20 cm tall, very densely branched; branches thin, c. 0.3 cm in diameter,
tortuous, ascending or pendant, with adventitious roots and rough scaly bark. Rosettes with ascending
or spreading leaves, 2.5-5 cm in diameter when leaves are spreading. Leaves obovate to oblanceolate,
1.5-2.5(-3) × 0.6-1.3 cm, green with reddish tinge especially on the margin, puberulent
with multicellular trichomes, acuminate and mucronate; margin ciliate with 0.8 mm long unicellular
trichomes. Inflorescence dense, 7-11 × 5-7 cm, simple or dichotomously branched from the
base or in the upper half; peduncle pubescent, 2-4(-5) cm long, with 5-13 small lanceolate bracts
and 5-7 flowers. Flowers 7-8-merous; calyx pubescent, segments acute, 3-3.5 × 1.6-1.8 mm; petals
pinkish white, lanceolate, 8-9 × 2.3-2.6 mm, abaxially puberulent; stamens puberulent, the antisepalous
ones 6-7 mm, the antipetalous ones 4-5 mm long, anthers whitish to faint yellow; nectaries
quadrate, 1 × 0.5 mm; carpels with ovaries 2.3-2.8 × 1.3 mm; styles c. 3.5 mm long. –
Flowering March to May.
Remarks. – The diagnostic differences between the new taxon and the type variety are given in
Table 1. Populations are found isolated from the type variety, which is widely distributed in
southern La Gomera and rare on western Tenerife (Masca). Most plants are growing on a unique
geological substrate (salic domes, phonolites) and in an extremely arid climate, close to other local
endemics such as Helichrysum alucense García Casanova & al., and the sole population of
Aeonium sedifolium (Webb ex Bolle) Pit. & Proust on La Gomera (García 1990; García & al.
1994). A. decorum var. alucense maintains its particular morphology, when growing together, ex
situ, with the typical variety under identical conditions.
Distribution. – Common in a relatively small area in northeastern La Gomera (from Avalo to
Aluce) (UTM-Hayford/Pico de las Nieves: 28RBS929124; 28RBS928126), from 200 to 330 m
(Fig. 7), associated with xerophytic species in N and E-SE exposition (Euphorbia balsamifera
Aiton subsp. balsamifera, Neochamaelea pulverulenta (Vent.) Erdtman, Tetrapogon villosus
Desf.) on dry rocks and walls, especially salic domes (phonolites).
Willdenowia 38 – 2008 479
Table 1. Differential characters of the varieties of Aeonium decorum.
var. decorum var. alucense
Habit up to 50 cm tall, branched,
branches up to 0.8 cm in diam.
up to 20 cm tall, densely branched,
branches c. 0.3 cm in diam.
Leaves 2.5-5(-7) × 1-1.5(-2) cm 1.5-2.5(-3) × 0.6-1.3 cm
Inflorescence lax, simple, 15-30 × 8-20 cm,
peduncles to 20 cm, with 10-15 flowers
dense, simple or dichotomously
branched, 7-11 × 5-7 cm,
peduncles 2-4(-5) cm, with 5-7 flowers
480 Bañares Baudet & al.: Notes on Crassulaceae of the Canary Islands
Fig. 2. A-D. Aichryson laxum var. latipetalum, A: plants and rosette leaves; B: leaf margin; C: flowers, petals
and stamens; D: nectaries. – E: A. laxum var. laxum, flower, petals and stamens. – Scale bars: A = 3 cm; B =
0.5 mm; C, E = 2 mm; D = 0.2 mm; A-D after the holotype, E after Bañares, Acevedo & Marrero 43449 (TFC).
Aeonium lindleyi subsp. viscatum (Bolle) Bañares, comb. nov.
≡ Aeonium viscatum Bolle in Bonplandia 7: 241. 1859 ≡ Sempervivum viscatum (Bolle) Christ in
Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 9: 117. 1888 ≡ Sempervivum tortuosum var. viscatum (Bolle) Kuntze in Revis.
Gen. Pl. 1: 232. 1891 ≡ Aeonium lindleyi var. viscatum (Bolle) H. Y. Liu in Syst. Aeonium: 41.
1989. – Lectotypus (designated by Liu 1989: 41): Spain, Canary Islands, La Gomera, Hermigua, “Barranco
de San Sebastián”, 9.4.1845, E. Bourgeau 736 (FI; isolectotypus: G).
Remarks. – We consider this taxon for its morphological features and geographical distribution
better recognized as a subspecies.
Distribution. – Locally abundant on dry rocks and walls from sea level to 800 m in northern and eastern
La Gomera, around San Sebastian, from Hermigua to Vallehermoso (see Voggenreiter 1999).
Representative specimens. – La Gomera: Near Agulo, 7.2004, Á. Bañares 46854 (TFC); Uteza,
10.5.1975, M. Fernández Galván 26011 (ORT); sine loco, 27.6.1946, E. R. Sventenius 7176 (ORT);
Barranco de Haragán, 500 m, 3.7.1952, E. R. Sventenius 5655 (ORT); Barranco de La Laja, 300 m,
2.8.1952, E. R. Sventenius 5654 (ORT); hillsides over San Sebastián, road from la Villa to the tunnel,
6.6.1970, E. R. Sventenius 5634 (ORT).
Aichryson laxum var. latipetalum Bañares & M. V. Marrero, var. nov.
Holotypus: Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife, “Barranco de Añavingo”, 950 m, 6.2003, Á. Bañares &
M. V. Marrero 46860 (TFC). – Fig. 2.
A varietate typica floribus 7-9-meris et petalis elipticis, 4-5.5 × 1.7-2 mm differt.
It differs from the type variety by the 7-9-merous (instead of 9-12-merous) flowers, the elliptic
and 1.7-2 mm wide (instead of linear-lanceolate and 0.9-1.1 mm wide) petals and the abaxially
glabrous to glabrate carpels.
Remarks. – Praeger (1929: 462) mentioned this interesting plant from Añavingo and also reported the
above characters differentiating it from typical Aichryson laxum. The morphological peculiarities of
this taxon are maintained in ex situ cultivation. The evident isolation of the ravine where the population
maintains its unique morphology led us segregate it as a new variety. The type variety is a widespread
taxon in the Canaries and also present in the lower and more exposed parts of Añavingo (c.
600 m), outside the area of var. latipetalum, as well as in nearby ravines in southern Tenerife
(Barranco de Badajoz, Barranco del Agua). Praeger collected also A. porphyrogennetos Bolle in
Añavingo (Praeger 1929) but the presence of this endemic of Gran Canaria has not been confirmed
by later authors (Bramwell 1969; Bañares 2002); it is clearly distinguished from our new variety by
its divaricate (not dichotomous) branches, the leaves with the lamina broadest in the middle, the apex
not emarginate and the margin protuberantly papillose, the lax and elongated inflorescence with sessile
to subsessile leaves and the aristate petals (apiculus up to 1 mm). The hybrids A. laxum ×
punctatum and A. laxum × porphyrogennetos, also mentioned by Praeger (1929) for Añavingo, differ
from the new variety, too, but were not found by us.
Distribution. – Locally common in a deep, long ravine in southern Tenerife (Barranco de Añavingo,
also called Barranco del Espigón de Tea) from 800 m (UTM Hayford/Pico de las Nieves:
28RCS585363) to 1050 m, on steep, rocky ground (Fig. 7).
Additional specimen examined. – Tenerife: Barranco de Añavingo, 6.2002, Á. Bañares & M. V.
Marrero 46862 (TFC).
Aichryson tortuosum var. bethencourtianum (Bolle) Bañares & S. Scholz, comb. nov.
≡ Aichryson bethencourtianum Bolle in Bonplandia 7: 243. 1859 ≡ Sempervivum bethencourtianum
(Bolle) Christ in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 9: 161. 1888 ≡ Macrobia bethencourtiana (Bolle) G. Kunkel in
Cuad. Bot. Canaria 28: 36. 1977. – Typus: Canary Islands, Fuerteventura, E. Bourgeau 737 (FI).
Willdenowia 38 – 2008 481
482 Bañares Baudet & al.: Notes on Crassulaceae of the Canary Islands
Fig. 3. A-C: Aichryson tortuosum var. tortuosum, A: plant; B: rosette leaves; C: leaf margin [after Bañares
46866 (TFC)]. – D-G: A. tortuosum var. bethencourtianum, D-E: rosette leaves and leaf margin from Jandía
Peninsula [after Bañares & S. Scholz 46869 (TFC)]; F-G: rosette leaves and leaf margin from Montaña de la
Muda [after Bañares & S. Scholz 46868 (TFC)]. – Scale bars: A = 1.5 cm; B-G = 2 mm.
Remarks. – Its confusion with the Lanzarote endemic Aichryson tortuosum in northern and central areas
of Fuerteventura are surely related to the compactness of the plants in those stations, which differs
from the generally loose and erect habit of A. bethencourtianum in its type locality (Jandía). A.
bethencourtianum has traditionally been differentiated from A. tortuosum by its broader, orbicular, basally
sometimes shortly narrowed and more densely pubescent leaves with hairs to 0.6-0.7 mm (A.
tortuosum has typically cuneate leaves, with very short hairs, to 0.2-0.3 mm). The calyx has also hairs
to 1 mm (instead of up to 0.5 mm in A. tortuosum). Our studies of northern and central populations in
Fuerteventura revealed that the pubescence of the leaves are shorter than in the original location, almost
transitional to the Lanzarote endemic, probably due to its strong dependence on environmental
factors. However, because the shape of the leaves differentiates the two taxa, we propose their recognition
as varieties (Fig. 3).
Distribution. – Rare on walls and rocks facing windward in several localities of Fuerteventura. Traditionally,
it was only reported from its type locality in the Jandía peninsula (southern Fuerteventura).
However, Bolle’s taxon was also identified by us in some northern (near La Oliva in
“Morro Tabaiba”, “Morro de los Rincones” and “Montaña de la Muda”, also along crags over Tefía
and La Fortaleza) and central (Riscos del Carnicero) areas on this island above 400 m (Fig. 4), where
it has been reported as Aichryson tortuosum (Praeger 1932; Bramwell 1968; Kunkel 1977; Sventenius
in shed., see representative specimens).
Representative specimens. – Fuerteventura: Montaña de la Muda, 7.2004, Á. Bañares & S.
Scholz 46868 (TFC); Fuente del Culantrillo, Jandía, 7.2004, Á. Bañares & S. Scholz 46869 (TFC);
Willdenowia 38 – 2008 483
Fig. 4. Distribution of Aichryson tortuosum var. bethencourtianum.
Pico del Fraile, 23.10.2003, S. Scholz 46382 (TFC); La Oliva, 25.6.1950, E. R. Sventenius 21533
(ORT); Cofete, 500 m, 2.4.1957, E. R. Sventenius 21530 (ORT); Rincón de Tetir, La Fortaleza,
21.5.1966, E. R. Sventenius 21531 (ORT).
Monanthes minima subsp. adenoscepes (Svent.) Bañares, comb. nov.
≡ Monanthes adenoscepes Svent. in Addit. Fl. Canar. 1: 18. 1960. – Typus: Canary Islands, Tenerife,
above “Güimar”, 250 m, 27.8.1956, Carlos González Martín s.n. (searched for but not located at
ORT where most of the herbarium specimens of Sventenius are deposited).
Remarks. – The diagnostic differences between subsp. adenoscepes and the type subspecies are
presented in Table 2 and Fig. 5. Nyffeler (1992) considered Monanthes adenoscepes as conspecific
with M. minima. However, comparison of both taxa at inter- and intrapopulation level from their isolated
type localities (M. minima from the “Anaga region” of northern Tenerife and M. adenoscepes
from “Ladera de Güimar” in southern Tenerife) and the study of the original material (see Representative
specimens) led us to consider M. adenoscepes as a separate subspecies. Furthermore, plants of
both taxa maintain their characteristics after a long time of cultivation.
Distribution. – Locally common on the relatively humid and underexposed slopes of rocks and walls
found in Tenerife’s southern lowlands (from Ladera de Güimar to Granadilla) from 30 to 550 m (see
Bañares & Scholz 1990).
Representative specimens. – M. minima subsp. minima: Tenerife: Santa Cruz de Tenerife,
oberer Valle Seco. 1856, Bolle s.n. (B! holotypus); Barranco de Bufadero, 3.1988, Á. Bañares
27455 (TFC); Barranco de Bufadero (sobre María Jiménez), 3.1997, Á. Bañares 39.566 (TFC).
M. minima subsp. adenoscepes: Tenerife: Ladera de Güimar, 5.1998, Á. Bañares 46861 (TFC);
Ladera de Güimar, 350 m, 3.2001, Á. Bañares 46863 (TFC); La Ladera (c. camino real),
19.3.1984, O. Rodríguez 28001 (TFC).
Monanthes polyphylla subsp. amydros Nyffeler in Bradleya 10: 73. 1992
[– Monanthes amydros Svent. in Addit. Fl. Canar. 1: 16. 1960, nom. inval., Art. 37.1]
Holotypus: Gomera, Degollada de la Cumbre, rocks NW of the N portal of tunnel (road San
Sebastian to Hermigua), 630 m, 22.3.1990, Nyffeler152 (Z; isotypi: ORT!, ZSS)
= Sempervivum monanthes var. filicaule Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 231. 1891. – Lectotypus (designated
by Nyffeler 1992: 73): Canary Islands, La Palma, “Barranco del Carmen”, 10.1888, Kuntze
s.n. (NY; isolectotypus: K).
Remarks. – Nyffeler (1992) reported Monanthes polyphylla subsp. polyphylla for Gran Canaria,
Tenerife and La Palma, and subsp. amydros for La Gomera. This author suggested that the ambiguous
name M. subcrassicaulis (Kuntze) Praeger, identified as synonymous with M. muralis (Webb
ex Bolle) Hook. f., was improperly assigned by several authors to specimens of M. polyphylla
subsp. amydros from La Gomera and to intermediates (most probably hybrids) between M.
polyphylla subsp. polyphylla and M. muralis in La Palma. Later, Nyffeler (2003: 186) questioned
the presence of M. polyphylla subsp. polyphylla on La Palma.
Our study of plants from several locations in La Palma and La Gomera revealed the occurrence
of Monanthes polyphylla subsp. amydros on both La Palma and La Gomera, whereas subsp.
polyphylla is not present on La Palma. M. subcrassicaulis from those islands (Praeger 1932;
Sventenius in sched., see Representative specimens) corresponds to subsp. amydros. Plants of
subsp. amydros on La Palma are found outside the range of other representatives of the genus,
along some eastern ravines above 600 m (Barranco del Carmen, Barranco de la Madera, Barranco
de Río) and several northern and central locations (common inside Taburiente National Park at
Roque de los Cuervos and La Cumbrecita). Our examination of plants collected in the type locality
of Sempervivum monanthes var. filicaule Kuntze (La Palma, Barranco del Carmen) also revealed
that Kuntze’s plant corresponds to M. polyphylla subsp. amydros. M. polyphylla subsp. polyphylla
is confined to Gran Canaria and Tenerife, or probably only to Tenerife, since on Gran Canaria it
484 Bañares Baudet & al.: Notes on Crassulaceae of the Canary Islands
Willdenowia 38 – 2008 485
Table 2. Differential characters of the subspecies of Monanthes minima and of M. wildpretii.
M. minima
subsp. minima
M. minima
subsp. adenoscepes
M. wildpretii
Rosettes single, very rarely offsetting,
lax, with 60-80 leaves,
20-40 mm in diam.
single, very rarely offsetting,
dense, with 70-85 leaves,
15-25 mm in diam.
abundantly offsetting, dense,
with 100-120 leaves,
10-20 mm in diam.
Axes cylindrical cylindrical globular
Leaves spathulate, 10-20 mm long,
apex rounded (to 4 mm wide),
attenuate towards base,
densely glandular-pubescent,
slightly papillose
spathulate, 10-15 mm long,
apex rounded to subrhomboidal
(2-2.5 mm wide),
abruptly contracted into a
filiform base, densely glandular-
pubescent, slightly papillose
oblanceolate, 5-8(-10) mm long,
apex acute (1-2.5 mm wide),
attenuate towards base, glandular-
pubescent, prominently
and abundantly papillose
Calyx slightly papillose, segments
ovate, concave, 1.2-1.5 mm
wide
slightly papillose, segments lanceolate,
0.8-1 mm wide
prominently and
abundantly papillose, segments
lanceolate, 1-1.5 mm wide
Fig. 5. A-C: Monanthes minima subsp. minima, A: plants; B: rosette leaves; C: leaf margin [after Bañares
46851 (TFC)]. – D: M. minima subsp. adenoscepes, rosette leaves [after Bañares 46863 (TFC)]. – E: M.
wildpretii, rosette leaves [after Bañares 46849 (TFC)]. – Scale bars: A = 1.5 cm; B, D-E = 2 mm; C = 1 mm.
486 Bañares Baudet & al.: Notes on Crassulaceae of the Canary Islands
Fig. 6. A-C: Monanthes polyphylla subsp. polyphylla, A: plant; B: rosette leaves; C: leaf papillae [after Bañares
43448 (TFC)]. – D-E: M. polyphylla subsp. amydros, D: rosette leaves; E: leaf papillae [after Bañares 46864
(TFC)]. – Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B-D = 1.5 mm; C-E = 1 mm.
may have been extinct since 30 years (Kunkel 1977) as our search for M. polyphylla in Gran
Canaria was in vain, too (Fig. 7).
The diagnostic differences between subsp. amydros and the type subspecies are presented in
Table 3 and Fig. 6, see also Nyffeler 1992: 74.
Distribution. – Locally common on humid and shady walls and rocks, from 200 to 900 m in northern
and eastern La Gomera, and ranging from almost sea level to 1500 m in La Palma (Fig. 7).
Representative specimens. – La Palma: La Cumbrecita, 6.2002, Á. Bañares 46859 (TFC); Barranco
del Carmen, 3.2005, Á. Bañares 46864 (TFC); Barlovento, Gallegos, 300 m, 21.7.2003, B. Navarro,
J. Naranjo & B. Vilches 20454 (LPA); La Galga, 500 m, 25.10.1945, E. R. Sventenius 25108 (ORT);
Barranco Torre a Tamagayo, 19.6.1968, E. R. Sventenius 3984 (ORT); El Paso, 19.6.1968, E. R.
Sventenius 3986 (ORT); c. Fuente de la Hiedra, 19.6.1968, E. R. Sventenius 3992 (ORT); Barranco
Torre at the level of El Paso, 19.6.1968, E. R. Sventenius 3993 (ORT).—La Gomera: La Carbonera,
Hermigua, 6.1999, Á. Bañares 39571 (TFC); La Carbonera, Hermigua, 6.2007, Á. Bañares 46855
(TFC); Tamargada, 300 m, 7.1979, M. Fernández 26779 (ORT); cañada de Hurona, 5.1976, M. Fernández
26375 (ORT); Hermigua, 7.5.1962, Jose M. Fernández 5902 (ORT); Abalo, Cruz del Capitán,
11.4.1981., B. Méndez & J. R. Acebes 13589 (TFC); Hermigua, 200 m, 18.4.1945, E. R. Sventenius
5899 (ORT); Barranco Caviño, 200 m, 15.5.1945, E. R. Sventenius 5900 (ORT); Roque Aluce,
1.5.1968, E. R. Sventenius 5901 (ORT); Barranco de la Rosa del Agua, 3.5.1968, E. R. Sventenius
5903 (ORT); Barranco Mahona, Haragán, 650 m, 12.10.1956, E. R. Sventenius 5906 (ORT); Arguamul,
700 m, 23.5.1958, E. R. Sventenius 5907 (ORT); Barranco del Cabrito, 200 m, 19.5.1958, E.
R. Sventenius 5908 (ORT); Taguluche del Norte, El Rincón, 7.6.1970, E. R. Sventenius 5909 (ORT);
Picacho de Haragán, 2.5.1968, E. R. Sventenius 5910 (ORT).
Monanthes wildpretii Bañares & S. Scholz in Stud. Bot. 9: 129. 1990
Holotypus: Tenerife, cercanías de Chinamada, 700 m, 5.1988, Ángel Bañares 27454 (TFC).
Herbaceous perennial up to 2 cm tall, with abundant offsetting rosettes forming dense mats. Rosettes
dense, 1-2 cm in diameter, with 100-120 leaves. Axes globular. Leaves 5-8(-10) × 1-2
(-2.5) mm, oblanceolate, attenuate to the base, apex acute (never rounded), glandular-pubescent,
prominently papillose. Inflorescence simple, lateral and ascendant, with spreading leaves similar
to that of the rosettes and small lanceolate bracts; pedicels pubescent. Flowers 4-5 mm in diameter;
calyx pubescent, segments subovate to lanceolate 2-3 × 1-1.5 mm, densely papillose; petals
lanceolate, acute, puberulent abaxially; nectaries cuneate, bilobate, with margin fimbriate; carpels
glabrous to glabrate, papillose.
Remarks. – On the basis of the original description Nyffeler (1992) regards this taxon as conspecific
with Monanthes minima, suggesting that its deviating characteristics cannot be regarded as a basis
for specific delimitation. However, our study of the holotype of the latter species (Santa Cruz de
Tenerife. Oberer Valle Seco. 1856. Bolle s.n., B!) confirmed that M. wildpretii in fact is a distinct,
geographically isolated species. Our revision of the morphological variation at inter- and intrapopulation
level and the cultivation of both taxa revealed important differences in leaf morphology,
Willdenowia 38 – 2008 487
Table 3. Differential characters of the subspecies of Monanthes polyphylla.
subsp. polyphylla subsp. amydros
Rosettes leaves densely arranged, laterally
hemispheric, 6-10 mm in diam.
leaves laxly arranged, laterally
cylindrical to obovate, 7-15(-20) mm in diam.
Axes to 1 mm in diam. to 2 mm in diam.
Leaves oblanceolate to narrowly obovate,
2 mm wide, apex truncate or rounded,
papillae to 0.1 mm in diam.,
at leaf apex only
obovate to narrowly obovate,
to 3(-4) mm wide, apex acute to subacute,
papillae to 0.2(-0.3) mm in diam., at apex
and margins
abundance of papillae, rosette density, and axes and calyx morphology. M. wildpretii differs from
Bolle’s plant by its strongly ramified and dense habit, smaller and denser rosettes, globular axes (as
in M. brachycaulos (Webb & Berthel.) Lowe, and the oblanceolate, smaller, less pubescent, prominently
and abundantly papillose and apically acute leaves (Fig. 5E, Table 2).
Distribution. – A single population is known on humid rocky walls around potential laurel forest
communities, on the northern slopes of Anaga, Tenerife (c. Chinamada) at 700 m (Bañares & Scholz
1990; Bañares & al. 2003).
Additional specimen examined. – Tenerife: Near Chinamada, 5.2005, Á. Bañares 46849 (TFC).
Acknowledgements
The authors are indebted to Aurelio Acevedo for providing chorological data, Carlos Rodríguez
for producing the drawings, to the curators and the herbaria B, LPA, ORT and TFC for making
their specimens available, and to Dr Urs Eggli and another, anonymous referee for their important
corrections on an earlier version of this paper. Valuable advise on nomenclature from Dr J.
R. Acebes is also gratefully acknowledged.
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Addresses of the authors:
Á. Bañares Baudet, Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Universidad de La Laguna,
E-38271 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; e-mail: angelb@idecnet.com
M. V. Marrero Gómez, Organismo Autónomo de Parques Nacionales (Parque Nacional del
Teide), c/Emilio Calzadilla 5, 4º, 38002, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; e-mail:
mmarrero@tragsa.es
S. Scholz, Casa Sick, El Esquinzo, 35626 Jandía, Fuerteventura, Canary Islands, Spain; e-mail:
marmulan@eresmas.com
Willdenowia 38 – 2008 489